外文文献
疫情防控常态化下研究生入学考试培训规范化研究
Research on Standardization of Examination Training for Graduate Entrance Examinations Under the Normalization of Epidemic Prevention and Control
院(部)名称：计算机科学与技术学院
专 业：数据科学与大数据技术
班 级：
学生姓名：
学 号：
指导教师姓名：
指导教师职称：
2024年2月27日
Research on Standardization of Examination Training for Graduate Entrance Examinations Under the Normalization of Epidemic Prevention and Control
Abstract:The normalization of epidemic prevention and control has put forward new requirements for the work of standard setting of postgraduate entrance examination and the training work of test centers. How to ensure the quality and efficiency of the training work is a new challenge for the majority of test staff, especially trainers. As an effective way to improve the quality of examination training, standardized examination training provides a possibility for the standardization and scientization of examination management. Through the in-depth exploration of the model examination site, the paper has formed a complete and effective standardized examination training video materials, which are implemented in the district. It has made it possible to carry out the examination training accurately, effectively and with high quality during the epidemic period.
Keyword:postgraduate, the test organization, training, standard
1. INTRODUCTION
At present, the transmission of COVID-19 in China has been basically blocked. Although sporadic cases have appeared in some areas, the epidemic has been brought under control. However, the momentum of COVID-19 is still strong abroad, and some countries have repeatedly seen clusters of COVID-19. With the increasing pressure of overseas import, the policy of "preventing import from abroad and preventing rebound in China" has become a normal measure for epidemic prevention and control. Minimize the aggregation activity is a necessary part of the prevention and control, therefore, all walks of life are constantly formulating new work standards to cope with the impact of this epidemic. As a special job, the postgraduate entrance examination is inevitably affected, how to set new work standards and what kind of standards should be considered by examination staff and administrators at present.
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has made the country and society aware that high-level talents serving the national strategy and social livelihood are still in short supply. Therefore, the expansion of graduate student enrollment has become an important practical measure for the country and the government to deal with the impact of THE COVID-19 epidemic and stabilize employment. With the introduction of the policy of further expanding the enrollment scale of master's degrees, the number of master's degree applicants in China is increasing, which poses a lot of challenges to the development of our postgraduate entrance examination. The current traditional management mode of examination has been unable to accurately solve the problems caused by the low quality of examination training due to the numerous examination sites, different scales and different qualities of examination staff. As an important part of examination management, examination training is an effective way to achieve zero error in the examination work by promoting its scientific, standardized and standardized development. Therefore, standardized examination training as pre-job training management scientific, standardized choice.
The presence of the epidemic is not only a challenge to our current examination training mode, but also a great opportunity for our work to be scientific and standardized. Then, how to achieve the smooth completion of science examination training work without any mistakes in large crowds? With the support of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Admissions Examination Institute, in-depth investigation of the current examination training mode in the entrance examination points of colleges and universities in the region. After careful analysis and comparison, based on the zero-error examination training mode of X School's admission examination site over the years, the field simulation technology is adopted to realize the accurate restoration of the whole examination work flow. According to the problems existing in the examination training at the current entrance examination points of colleges and universities in the region, an examination training video suitable for promotion in the whole region was produced. In order to establish a complete and practical standardized examination training system in our region, so as to promote the standardized and scientific process of examination training in our region
2. SITUATION
2.1. The Examination staff management level is not high
With the continuous expansion of examination scale, the tedious degree and workload of examination work have been improved. Especially, many factors, such as the change of personnel training mode, put forward higher requirements for the work ability of examination management personnel. However, through the analysis of the organization process of previous examinations, it is found that the existing examination business training focuses on the invigilators, but pays less attention to inspectors and examination managers[1]. However, with the change of the situation, the examination management system is updated too fast. Coupled with the expansion of the examination scale, the experienced invigilators in examination site can no longer meet the invigilation work of postgraduate entrance examination.
In this case, the examination management personnel are increasingly struggling with the management work such as examination invigilation training. Therefore, it has become the first choice for each examination site to temporarily fill the invigilation work by transferring personnel from administrative posts. The advantage of this method is that it can better convey the special requirements of the exam and meet the smooth progress of the exam to a certain extent . But the invigilators with too complex composition and the administrators with uneven working ability will inevitably lead to all kinds of mistakes and errors.
2.2. The examination standards are inconsistent
In the past examination organization process, according to the different size of the site and staffing, the examination management personnel of each examination site made a lot of operation procedures suitable for this examination site, but these procedures will always appear various problems in the actual operation, it has brought great influence to the examination management work. The main impacts are as follows:
First, the examination site staff is mobile: Test centers lack a complete and stable examination management team. The examination staff mainly refer to the examiners, deputy examiners, examination leaders, invigilators, security, medical care, logistics, etc. However, some test centers often have uncertain posts, resulting in low skill level of examination staff and inadequate handling of urgent matters.Second, the specific division of labor is not clear: The division of specific examination work accusations in the examination site is inconsistent, and most staff members cannot clearly understand their job responsibilities and scope of work. Therefore, the examination management personnel have some obstacles in the work coordination and cooperation.
Third, there are great differences in examination standards:According to their own needs, the examination management personnel have formulated or perfected the examination work flow which accords with the actual situation of the examination center, which leads to the difference between high and low standards in examination work verification. For a specific examination work (such as examination training), some examination site will put forward the work requirements of this test site according to the actual situation and carry out assessment, while other examination sites will not increase the assessment standards to meet the requirements of "safety examination".
2.3. The information feedback mechanism is not perfect
In real life, the exchange of information between individuals in an organization and the outside is not a simple material transfer, and the success of this process depends to a certain extent on the subject's perception of information. On formal occasions, especially in special places such as examination work, the feedback among examiners will be influenced by the external environment. On the one hand, as the organizer and coordinator of the on-site examination work, the examination management personnel's authority given by their work and unequal information would bring certain pressure to invigilators. On the other hand, examiners and invigilators are two very important links in the feedback process, their personality quality and interpersonal perception will lead to the deviation of information feedback with too much individual subjective color.
Especially, the information in a single form (such as plain text) circulated during the examination time is more abstract than that of multimedia information, If the examiners have a certain deviation in understanding the same information due to their differences in personal qualities and ways of thinking, they will be transmitted to invigilators through the existing single feedback mechanism, so that the information distortion will continue to expand, resulting in operational errors and even violations.
3. STANDARDIZED VIDEO EXAMINATION TRAINING
3.1. The postgraduate entrance examination system has been continuously improved.
From the early 1980s to the beginning of the 21st century, China's postgraduate entrance examination system gradually transited from the early exploration stage to the mid-term construction stage[2]. During this period, the entrance examination subjects for full-time postgraduates were basically set at five subjects, and it was proved that the setting of these examination subjects was scientific and reasonable in practice. It has played a positive role in selecting innovative high-tech talents[3]. Therefore, since 2003, according to the first-level subjects, the Ministry of Education has changed the initial examination subjects from five to four, and put the specialized courses in the re-examination stage. In 2007, the Ministry of Education reformed the preliminary examination subjects according to the principle of "overall planning, classified guidance, steady advancement and gradual improvement[4].
These reforms have rationally distributed political theory, foreign languages, basic courses, professional basic courses and professional courses in the initial examination and re-examination, and the initial examination subjects have gradually developed in the direction of unified proposition by the state. On the one hand, it can improve the efficiency of talent selection, and at the same time, the country can master the selection criteria of talent.
3.2. Benchmark examination site has been adopted as the blueprint for video training
As a prefecture-level city, Liuzhou is an important central city approved by the State Council. Because it is located in the northeast of central Guangxi, connecting southwest with central south, east China and south China, Liuzhou is known as the "commercial port in central Guangxi". As the largest industrial base in Guangxi, Liuzhou is the only city in China that has four major automobile group production bases at the same time. Its unique geographical location and administrative region have been paid attention by the state and the district government.
Before 2018, Liuzhou was also the earliest test location in central Guangxi and the only test location in the region for a long time. The unique geographical location makes the exam location of X’school more unique than other exam locations in the region. The main performances are as follows:
First of all, the number of candidates and the types of test subjects are always in the top ranks in the entire region; Second, the intensity of the examination work and the high risk are relatively high among the examination site in the region. Third, the examination staff has experienced many changes in the examination system and accumulated rich experience. Examination staff is highly specialized and relatively stable. Fourth, the training is scientific and standardized. A set of relatively perfect examination training methods has been formed, from issuing written training materials to self-study examination work norms before the examination, to focusing on training before the examination, and then to focus on training examination staff in different positions in batches according to the division of examination work. Fifth, from 2006 to 2019, there were no obvious mistakes in the examination work, and the performance was at the forefront of the same examination site in the whole region.
3.3. The video production technology is mature
The development of modern science and technology accelerates the development of standardized examination rooms, from examination training to examination room inspection and examination room safety, which provides a solid guarantee for examination safety and fairness. However, after investigation, standardized examination training has not been realized in each examination site area, thus inhibiting the due efficiency of standardized examination rooms. Therefore, the combination of examination training and current media technology to further promote safety examination and fair examination is what we should pay attention to at present. Up to now, our team has mature experience in video production, and has produced more than ten videos before and after, which has attracted wide attention.
4. CONCLUSION
The completion of examination training directly affects the smooth progress of the examination. At present, affected by the epidemic situation, it is still necessary to avoid mass gathering. It is the first choice among many training methods to complete invigilation training through video training. On the one hand, video training further promotes the standardization process of examination work, and provides guarantee for the high-quality completion of examination work. On the other hand, it reduces expenses for postgraduate entrance examination. Video training can reduce the positions and costs of relevant trainers.
REFERENCES
[1] Jinhua Yin and Yanfang Zhu. research on new ideas of college examination work under the condition of standardized examination room [J]. science and education literature exchange (next issue), 2018(03): pp. 139-140.
[2] YingyuYu and Weitao Gao. Research on the Reform of Postgraduate Entrance Examination System in China [J]. Heilongjiang Higher Education Research, 2010(10): pp.102-104.
[3] Jingjing Ji. Analysis of China's postgraduate entrance examination system reform [J]. Science and Technology Economic Guide, 2016(30): pp.185-186.
[4] Hongchuan Luo. Risk assessment of postgraduate entrance examination [J]. International Public Relations, 2020(02): p.213.
疫情防控常态化下研究生入学考试培训规范化研究
摘要：疫情防控的规范化对研究生入学考试标准制定和考试中心培训工作提出了新的要求。如何保证培训工作的质量和效率，是广大测试人员，尤其是培训师面临的新挑战。标准化考试培训作为提高考试培训质量的有效途径，为考试管理的规范化和科学化提供了可能。通过对示范考场的深入探索，形成了完整有效的标准化考试培训视频材料，并在全区实施。这使得在疫情期间准确、有效、高质量地开展考试培训成为可能。
关键词：研究生、考试机构、培训、标准
1.引言
目前，新冠肺炎在中国的传播已基本阻断。虽然一些地区出现了零星病例，但疫情已得到控制。然而，新冠肺炎疫情在国外的势头仍然强劲，一些国家多次出现新冠肺炎聚集性疫情。随着海外进口压力的增加，“防止从国外进口，防止中国反弹”的政策已成为疫情防控的正常措施。尽量减少聚集活动是预防和控制的必要组成部分，因此，各行各业都在不断制定新的工作标准，以应对这一流行病的影响。作为一项特殊的工作，研究生入学考试不可避免地会受到影响，目前考试工作人员和管理人员应该如何制定新的工作标准，以及应该考虑什么样的标准。
新冠肺炎的突然爆发，使国家和社会意识到，服务国家战略和社会民生的高层次人才仍然短缺。因此，扩大研究生招生已成为国家和政府应对新冠肺炎疫情影响、稳定就业的重要现实举措。随着进一步扩大硕士学位招生规模的政策出台，我国硕士学位申请人数不断增加，这给我国研究生入学考试的发展带来了诸多挑战。目前传统的考试管理模式已经无法准确解决由于考试地点众多、规模不同、考试人员素质不同而导致的考试培训质量低的问题。作为考试管理的重要组成部分，考试培训是促进考试工作科学化、规范化、标准化发展，实现考试工作零差错的有效途径。因此，规范化考试培训作为岗前培训管理的科学化、规范化选择。
疫情的存在不仅是对我们当前考试培训模式的挑战，也是我们工作科学化、规范化的巨大机遇。那么，如何在大量人群中顺利完成科学考试培训工作，不出差错呢？在广西壮族自治区招生考试研究所的支持下，深入调查了该地区高校高考考点的现行考试培训模式。经过仔细分析和比较，基于X学校多年来招生考试现场的零误差考试培训模式，采用现场仿真技术实现了整个考试工作流程的准确恢复。针对该地区高校现行高考考点考试培训中存在的问题，制作了适合在全区推广的考试培训视频。为了在我地区建立一个完整实用的标准化考试培训体系，以促进我地区考试培训的标准化和科学化进程。
2.情况
2.1. 考试人员管理水平不高
随着考试规模的不断扩大，考试工作的繁琐程度和工作量都有所提高。尤其是人才培养模式的转变等诸多因素，对考试管理人员的工作能力提出了更高的要求。然而，通过对以往考试组织过程的分析，发现现有的考试业务培训侧重于监考人员，而对检验员和考试管理人员关注较少[1]。然而，随着形势的变化，考试管理系统更新过快。再加上考试规模的扩大，考场经验丰富的监考人员已无法胜任研究生入学考试的监考工作。
在这种情况下，考试管理人员越来越难以胜任考试监考培训等管理工作。因此，通过从行政岗位调动人员来临时填补监考工作已成为各考点的首选。这种方法的优点是，它可以更好地传达考试的特殊要求，在一定程度上满足考试的顺利进行。但是，组成过于复杂的监考人员和工作能力参差不齐的管理人员不可避免地会导致各种错误和失误。
2.2. 考试标准不一致
在过去的考试组织过程中，根据考场规模和人员配备的不同，各考场的考试管理人员制定了许多适合本考场的操作规程，但这些规程在实际操作中总会出现各种问题，给考试管理工作带来了很大影响。主要影响如下：
一是考场人员流动性强：考场缺乏完整稳定的考务管理团队。考试人员主要指考官、副考官、考试负责人、监考员、安保、医疗、后勤等。然而，一些考试中心的职位往往不确定，导致考试人员技能水平低，对紧急事项的处理不足。其次，具体分工不明确：考试现场具体考试工作职责分工不一致，大多数工作人员无法清楚地了解自己的工作职责和工作范围。因此，考试管理人员在工作协调与合作方面存在一些障碍。
第三，考试标准存在较大差异：考试管理人员根据自身需要，制定或完善了符合考试中心实际情况的考试工作流程，导致考试工作验证标准高低不一。对于特定的考试工作（如考试培训），一些考场会根据实际情况提出该考场的工作要求并进行评估，而其他考场则不会提高评估标准以满足“安全考试”的要求。
2.3. 信息反馈机制不完善
在现实生活中，组织中的个人与外部之间的信息交换不是简单的物质转移，这一过程的成功在一定程度上取决于主体对信息的感知。在正式场合，特别是在考试工作等特殊场合，考官之间的反馈会受到外部环境的影响。一方面，作为现场考试工作的组织者和协调者，考试管理人员的工作赋予的权力和不平等的信息会给监考人员带来一定的压力。另一方面，考官和监考人员是反馈过程中的两个非常重要的环节，他们的人格素质和人际感知会导致信息反馈的偏差，带有过多的个人主观色彩。
尤其是，在考试期间流通的单一形式（如纯文本）的信息比多媒体信息更抽象，如果考官由于个人素质和思维方式的差异而对同一信息的理解存在一定偏差，就会通过现有的单一反馈机制传递给监考人员，使信息失真不断扩大，导致操作错误甚至违规。
3.标准化视频考试培训
3.1. 研究生入学考试制度不断完善。
从20世纪80年代初到21世纪初，中国的研究生入学考试制度逐渐从早期探索阶段过渡到中期建设阶段[2]。在此期间，全日制研究生入学考试科目基本设置为五门，实践证明这些考试科目的设置是科学合理的。它在选拔创新型高科技人才方面发挥了积极作用[3]。因此，自2003年以来，根据一级科目，教育部将初试科目从五门改为四门，并将专业课程置于复试阶段。2007年，教育部按照“统筹规划、分类指导、稳步推进、逐步完善”的原则对初试科目进行了改革[4]。
这些改革在初试和复试中合理分配了政治理论、外语、基础课程、专业基础课程和专业课程，初试科目逐步向国家统一命题的方向发展。一方面，它可以提高人才选拔的效率，同时，国家可以掌握人才的选拔标准。
3.2. 基准考试现场已被采纳为视频培训的蓝图
柳州是一个地级市，是国务院批准的重要中心城市。柳州位于桂中东北部，西南与中南、华东、华南相连，素有“桂中商埠”之称。作为广西最大的工业基地，柳州是中国唯一同时拥有四大汽车集团生产基地的城市。其独特的地理位置和行政区域一直受到国家和区政府的关注。
2018年之前，柳州也是桂中地区最早的试验地点，也是该地区长期以来唯一的试验地点。独特的地理位置使X学校的考试地点比该地区的其他考试地点更独特。主要表现如下：
首先，考生人数和考试科目类型在整个地区始终名列前茅；其次，该地区考试场地的考试工作强度和风险相对较高。第三，考试人员经历了考试制度的多次变革，积累了丰富的经验。考试人员专业性强，相对稳定。第四，培训科学规范。已经形成了一套相对完善的考试培训方法，从发放书面培训材料到考试前自学考试工作规范，再到考试前重点培训，再到根据考试工作分工分批重点培训不同岗位的考试人员。第五，2006年至2019年，考试工作没有明显失误，成绩在全区同一考场名列前茅。
3.3. 视频制作技术成熟
现代科学技术的发展加速了标准化考场的发展，从考试培训到考场检查和考场安全，为考试安全和公平提供了坚实的保障。然而，经调查，每个考场区域都没有实现标准化考试培训，从而抑制了标准化考场的应有效率。因此，考试培训与当前媒体技术相结合，进一步促进安全考试和公平考试是我们目前应该注意的问题。截至目前，我们的团队在视频制作方面拥有成熟的经验，前后制作了十多个视频，引起了广泛关注。
4.结论
考试培训的完成直接影响考试的顺利进行。目前，受疫情影响，仍需避免大规模聚集。通过视频培训完成监考培训是许多培训方法中的首选。一方面，视频培训进一步促进了考试工作的标准化进程，为高质量地完成考试工作提供了保障。另一方面，它降低了研究生入学考试的费用。视频培训可以减少相关培训师的职位和成本。
参考文献
[1] Jinhua Yin and Yanfang Zhu. research on new ideas of college examination work under the condition of standardized examination room [J]. science and education literature exchange (next issue), 2018(03): pp. 139-140.
[2] YingyuYu and Weitao Gao. Research on the Reform of Postgraduate Entrance Examination System in China [J]. Heilongjiang Higher Education Research, 2010(10): pp.102-104.
[3] Jingjing Ji. Analysis of China's postgraduate entrance examination system reform [J]. Science and Technology Economic Guide, 2016(30): pp.185-186.
[4] Hongchuan Luo. Risk assessment of postgraduate entrance examination [J]. International Public Relations, 2020(02): p.213.
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