Linux 指令通关指南：从“会敲命令”到“懂内核交互”-洪萨配资

一、基础指令首尾与总结

1.1 文件压缩与远程传输指令

1.1.1 打包与解包：tar 基础使用

功能：打包/解包，不打开它，直接看内容

参数组合：（这里需要注意的是：-f 后面不能再加别的参数，-f 只能作为最后一个参数）

tar -czf xxx.tgz xxx ：打包并压缩
tar -xzf xxx.tgz ：解压并解包（默认在当前路径下解压并解包）
tar -xzf xxx.tgx -C 指定路径：在指定路径下解压并解包，-C后面接指定的路径
-v：看到打包压缩或者解压解包的过程

代码语言：javascript

将lesson5打包并压缩 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# tar -czf lesson5.tgz lesson5 将lesson5.tgz解压并解包到当前路径下 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# tar -xzf lesson5.tgz 将lesson5.tgz解压并解包到指定路径下，-C .. 解压到上级路径下 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# tar -xzf lesson5.tgz -C .. 加上v选项，表示显示打包并压缩的过程 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# tar -cvzf lesson5.tgz lesson5 lesson5/ 加上v选项，表示显示解压解包的过程 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# tar -xvzf lesson5.tgz lesson5/

当我们加上v参数时，如果这个过程比较长，那么我们需要等待的时间就比较长，那此时我们就可以在后面加上&，& 就表示在后台显示这个过程，在这期间，我们在控制台进行其他操作

代码语言：javascript

[root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# tar -cvzf lesson5.tgz lesson5 & [1] 14500 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# lesson5/ pwd /root/118 [1]+ Done tar -cvzf lesson5.tgz lesson5

注意：我们直接使用 -czf 和 -xzf 即可，就不要给自己找麻烦！！！

1.1.1.1 .tgz压缩包怎么解决跨平台问题

1.1.1.1.1 Linux与windows的互传

在前面的学习中，我们已经学习了如何把.zip压缩包在Linux和windows中进行互传，.tgz压缩包在Linux和windows中的互传也是这样的——

.tgz压缩包从Linux中传到windows中

代码语言：javascript

将lesson5.tgz压缩包从Linux中传到windows中 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# sz lesson5.tgz

.tgz压缩包从windows中传到Linux中

代码语言：javascript

.tgz压缩包从windows中传到Linux中 [root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# rz -E

1.1.1.1.2 Linux与Linux的互传——scp

ok，Linux和Linux的互传就不像上面的那种做法了，在这里我们需要用到一个新的指令——

scp [选项] 源文件目标路径

选项	说明
-r	递归复制整个目录

代码语言：javascript

# 复制单个文件 scp local_file.txt user@remote_host:/remote/directory/ # 复制目录（递归） scp -r local_folder/ user@remote_host:/remote/directory/

把当前Linux主机的.tgz 压缩包拷贝到另一台Linux主机上

注意：这里需要知道另一台Linux主机的密码！！！

1.1.2 补充命令——file

功能：查看一个文件的更详细信息

语法：

file 文件名

代码语言：javascript

[root@VM-0-16-centos 118]# file test.txt test.txt: ASCII text

1.2 终端计算器：bc

bc指令：Linux下的计算器

基础使用：直接输入bc进入交互模式，支持 + - * / 运算，如 2+5 回车返回 7；输入 quit 退出。
结合管道使用：输入echo "1+2+3+4+5"|bc直接返回结果15

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