【模版初阶】C++模板初探：开启泛型编程的魔法之门

3.1 第一种实现：手动管理内存的栈

3.2 第二种实现：容器适配器模式的栈

3.2.1 向栈顶添加元素(压栈)

3.2.2 从栈顶移除元素(弹栈)

3.2.3 获取栈顶元素的引用

3.2.4 返回栈中元素的数量

3.2.5 检查栈是否为空，调用底层容器的empty方法

3.2.6 底层容器对象，实际存储数据

3.2.7 基于现有容器实现的栈数据结构

3.3 运行

3.3.1 代码演示

代码演示如下——

代码语言：javascript

AI代码解释

// stack #include"stack.h" int main() { //jqj::stack<int, vector<int>> st; // 使用vector作为底层容器：顺序表数组 //jqj::stack<int, list<int>> st; // 使用list作为底层容器：链式数组 jqj::stack<int> st; // 使用默认容器（deque） // 栈操作 st.push(1); st.push(2); st.push(3); st.push(4); // 遍历并输出栈内容（后进先出） while (!st.empty()) { cout << st.top() << " "; st.pop(); } cout << endl; return 0; }

3.3.2 运行结果

运行结果如下图所示——

4 ~> queue模拟实现

在C++标准模板库(STL)中，queue（队列）是一种重要的容器适配器，它遵循先进先出(FIFO)的原则。本文将深入解析queue的底层实现原理，并展示如何基于现有容器构建队列

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