摘要
随着人口老龄化进程的加快，老年人的安全监护与健康管理对提升生活质量、降低意外风险具有重要意义。传统的老人照护依赖人工看护或定期探望，存在跌倒发现滞后、健康异常难以及时察觉等问题，难以满足独居或行动不便老人的安全需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的老人跌倒监测与健康预警系统，整合了 MPU6050 六轴加速度传感器、MLX90614 体温传感器、MAX30102 心率血氧传感器、GPS + 北斗定位模块、OLED 显示屏、按键、SIM900A 短信模块及声光报警装置等，实现了老年人跌倒状态与健康参数的自动化监测及智能预警。系统核心功能包括：通过 MPU6050 检测老人跌倒状态，1 分钟未起身时触发声光报警并通过 SIM900A 发送含定位信息的短信至监护人；借助 MLX90614 和 MAX30102 监测体温、心率及血氧，参数偏离设定范围时启动声光报警；支持通过按键切换界面并设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示监测数据及设备状态。
该系统的实现，有效提升了老人监护的实时性与智能化水平，减少了人工看护压力，为老年人安全提供了全天候保障，同时为家庭照护与社区养老服务提供了数据支持，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；跌倒监测；健康预警；定位追踪；短信报警
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of population aging, the safety monitoring and health management of the elderly are of great significance for improving the quality of life and reducing accident risks. Traditional elderly care relies on manual care or regular visits, which has problems such as delayed detection of falls and difficulty in timely detection of health abnormalities, making it difficult to meet the safety needs of elderly people living alone or with limited mobility.
The elderly fall detection and health early warning system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates MPU6050 six-axis acceleration sensor, MLX90614 temperature sensor, MAX30102 heart rate and blood oxygen sensor, GPS+Beidou positioning module, OLED display, buttons, SIM900A SMS module and acousto-optic alarm device, realizing automatic monitoring and intelligent early warning of the elderly's fall status and health parameters. The core functions of the system include: detecting the elderly's fall status through MPU6050, triggering acousto-optic alarm when the elderly do not get up within 1 minute, and sending SMS containing positioning information to the guardian through SIM900A; monitoring body temperature, heart rate and blood oxygen through MLX90614 and MAX30102, and starting acousto-optic alarm when parameters deviate from the set range; supporting interface switching and setting of each parameter threshold through buttons; real-time display of monitoring data and device status through OLED display.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the real-time and intelligent level of elderly monitoring, reduces the pressure of manual care, provides all-weather protection for the safety of the elderly, and provides data support for family care and community elderly care services, which has high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Fall detection; Health early warning; Positioning and tracking; SMS alarm
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 跌倒检测传感器选择
2.1.3 体温传感器选择
2.1.4 心率血氧传感器选择
2.1.5 定位模块选择
2.1.6 通信模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.1.9 声光报警装置选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 跌倒检测传感器电路
3.3 体温传感器电路
3.4 心率血氧传感器电路
3.5 定位模块电路
3.6 短信模块电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 声光报警电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 发送短信子流程设计
4.6 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.7 红外测温模块子流程设计
4.8 心率血氧模块子流程设计
4.9 GPS模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 跌倒检测功能测试
5.3 健康参数监测功能测试
5.4 定位与短信通知功能测试
5.5 按键与显示功能测试
5.6 声光报警功能测试
5.7 系统联动功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
