list的底层是双向链表结构，双向链表中，每个元素存储在互不相关的节点中，在节点中保存着指向前一个节点和后一个节点的指针。
2，与forward_list相似，forward_list是单链表，只能向前迭代。而list是双向链表，可以前后迭代。
3，list与vector相比，它的插入和删除元素效率更高，不需要遍历一遍原链表。
二，list的一些基本使用
2.1，list的构造函数
list()//无参构造函数list(size_t n,const value_type& val = value_type())//n个va的构造list(InputIterator first,InputIterator last)//迭代器区间构造list(const list& x)//拷贝构造
示例:
void Test_List1() { list<int> lt1; //无参构造，值为空 list<int> lt2(4, 100); //4个100初始化 list<int> lt3(lt2.begin(), lt2.end()); //迭代器区间构造 list<int> lt4(lt2); //拷贝构造 }
注：C++11提供了initializer_list的新类型，主要用于初始化。
用法如下：
initializer_list<int> lt = { 1,2,3,4,5 }; list<int> lst(lt); //用lt中的元素初始化lst
但一般在写的时候，可以使用隐式类型转化
list<int> lt = { 1,2,3,4,5 }; //和上面代码一样
2.2，list的迭代器
list提供了双向迭代器，可用于遍历和操作容器中的数据。
begin()：返回指向第一个元素的迭代器。end()：返回指向最后一个元素之后位置的迭代器。rbegin()：返回指向最后一个元素的逆向迭代器。rend()：返回指向第一个元素之前位置的逆向迭代器。
代码语言：javascript
AI代码解释
void Test_List2() { list<int> myList = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; // 正向迭代器遍历list cout << "正向遍历list: "; list<int>::iterator itr; for (itr = myList.begin(); itr != myList.end(); ++itr) { cout << *itr << " "; } cout << endl; // 逆向迭代器遍历list cout << "逆向遍历list: "; list<int>::reverse_iterator ritr; for (ritr = myList.rbegin(); ritr != myList.rend(); ++ritr) { cout << *ritr << " "; } cout << endl; }运行结果：
2.3，list的插入
对于插入操作，list实现了如下几个常用的接口
push_back(x) //尾插 push_front(x) //头插 insert(iterator it ,x) //在迭代器位置之前插入x
示例：
代码语言：javascript
AI代码解释
void Test_List3() { list<int> lt; //尾插 lt.push_back(1); lt.push_back(2); cout << "push_back:"; for (auto e : lt) cout << e << " "; cout << endl; //头插 lt.push_front(4); lt.push_front(5); cout << "push_front:"; for (auto e : lt) cout << e << " "; cout << endl; //迭代器 lt.insert(lt.begin(), 9); cout << "insert:"; for (auto e : lt) cout << e << " "; cout << endl; }运行结果：
2.4，list的删除
对于删除，list提供的接口如下:
pop_back() //尾删 pop_front() //头删 erase(iterator it) //删除it位置 erase(iterator first,iterator last) //删除[first,last)区间
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