外文文献
车辆管理系统的设计与实现
Design and Implementation of VehicleManagement System
院(部)名称：计算机科学与技术学院
专 业：数据科学与大数据技术
班 级：
学生姓名：
学 号：
指导教师姓名：
指导教师职称：
2024年2月27日
Design and Implementation of VehicleManagement System
Abstract：With the rise of computer technology, the tremendous work is expected to be performed by computers. With the increasing maturity of the programming language, that desire can be realized easily. At present, the growing number of vehicles has increased this invisible vehicle workload for managers. Therefore, the development of a vehicle management system is necessary. The Java language-based program under the SSH framework and MySQL database are applied in the system.
MySQL backend connection is simple, easy to use, and easy to understand. The intensity of the work and the tedious workflow for managers will be reduced with the use of the vehicle management system. General operation of the vehicle drivers and managers is involved in the system. This system is not very perfect and there is still space for improvement. It is believed that it will be fully utilized in the future.
1. Introduction
With the rapid development of the national economy, the application of computers is very wide. Practical problems in various fields have begun to be solved with computers. The latest research shows that China has become one of the countries with the highest car ownership in the world, resulting in the development of vehicle management system problems. Therefore, the development of the vehicle management system has become the primary task for vehicle managers to explore efficient work.
Under the background of information big data, the efficiency and labor cost of vehicle management can be improved by the vehicle management system. This system can help managers find necessary information from a vast amount of data. Therefore, the development of the vehicle management system conforms to the trend of the era and is another important application of computer technology in the context of current information big data.
2. B/S Structure Introduction
B/S is the abbreviation of Browser/Server. With the rise of Internet technology, the C/S structure has undergone changes or improvements. In this structure, the user interface is achieved through the WWW browser. Part of the transaction logic is implemented in the front-end, but the main transaction logic is implemented on the server-side, forming the so-called 3-tier structure. The B/S architecture uses a star topology to build an enterprise's internal communication network or uses the Internet Virtual Private Network (VPN). As long as the client installs a browser, such as Firefox or Internet Explorer, and the server installs a database such as Oracle, Sybase, Informix, or SQL Server, the browser can interact with the database through the Web Server.
The biggest advantage of the B/S structure is that users can operate from anywhere without having to install any specialized software. As long as there is a computer with Internet access, there is zero maintenance for the client. System expansion is very easy; as long as there is an Internet connection, the system administrator can assign a username and password, and users can start using the system. Or even apply online; through the company's internal security certification (such as a CA certificate), the system can automatically assign an account to the user without needing human intervention.
2.1. Introduction to MyEclipse
Due to the system being cross-platform, open-source development is the best choice. MyEclipse can easily develop Java web programs without any restrictions during the development process. MyEclipse can provide support for the relevant Java EE and has powerful functions to complete web project development.
2.2. JavaScript Language
JavaScript is a web scripting language that is dynamically typed with built-in support for types. A web page that uses JavaScript has dynamic functionality, which is widely applied on the client-side. JavaScript has its own data types to handle different data, text, and information processing. JavaScript is also a cross-platform language and is gradually being used to write server-side programs. JavaScript is highly favored for its security.
2.3. JSP Technology
JSP, the full name of Java Server Pages, is a simplified Servlet design similar to ASP technology. Combined with the actual process, due to JSP being cross-platform, JSP technology is needed for the preparation of the system. Java Servlet is the technical basis of JSP, which is widely used in large projects and usual development. It is object-oriented and connects to the database. It is easy and convenient to realize various functions.
2.4. SSH Framework
It is well-known that in the current rapid development of programming technology, a single programming language has been difficult to meet the growing needs of people. People need programs that can carry out data storage and operations; therefore, the programming language is usually used to connect with the database. But now, the situation is that all databases are relational databases, and people usually use advanced programming languages, which are object-oriented. How to use an object-oriented programming language to operate a relational database has become a big problem!
Fortunately, with the unremitting efforts of program developers, the SSH framework was finally born, paving the way for our subsequent development. SSH refers to the framework of Struts + Hibernate + Spring.
Struts:
The Struts application development process is completed by the request-response cycle. That is, from the browser-side request, the configuration file in Struts calls the corresponding Action method and the corresponding JSP page, and feedback is provided to the browser side to show the results that people want to display.
Figure 1. Struts framework workflow
Hibernate:
Hibernate is one of the ORM frameworks, and ORM is an abbreviation for Object/Relational Database Mapping. ORM is a normative implementation whose main role is to allow developers to use an object-oriented programming language to operate on the database. Although some developers believe that in the near future, relational databases will be replaced by object-oriented databases, in the current mainstream development, developers still use ORM tools to operate on the database.
Spring:
The Spring framework is now one of the important means of JavaEE development. It is extracted from the actual development framework and incorporates many common steps. The use of the Spring framework can simplify cumbersome development steps and improve development efficiency.
Figure 2. Spring framework of the 7 modules
2.5. Tomcat
With Server, developers mainly use Tomcat because it is the most widely used, open-source server. Tomcat is used by almost all developers at the beginning of their programming journey, so there is a wide user base. Second, this free server is very suitable for use in small programs. At the same time, Tomcat is very easy to maintain and runs with a low memory footprint. These are the reasons why developers use Tomcat as a program server.
3. Demand Analysis
Demand analysis refers to the self-analysis conducted before solving a problem to clarify its requirements. Demand analysis is a difficult task, and only by performing a clear demand analysis can the next step be carried out to better write code. It is reported that the current vehicle management still involves old manual accounting and paper files, which are time-consuming and prone to errors. The purpose of designing the system is to make vehicle management transparent, easy to operate, and easy to manage. The features of vehicle management, such as information processing, extensive data management, and related information, can solve the problems of query and statistical methods, preventing unnecessary trouble. To achieve our goal in the vehicle management system, the vehicle manager must use computer development to achieve the dividend. The effective way to achieve the purpose of timely management of vehicles is for vehicle managers to use this system.
3.1. System Use Case Diagram
Vehicle management mainly focuses on the management of vehicles, including adding, deleting, changing, and querying vehicles.
Figure 3. Vehicle module use case diagram
3.2. System Function Analysis
The administrator has the highest authority to process the status of all vehicles, administrators, drivers, and vehicles.
Figure 4. System background function chart
3.3. Database Structure Design
The MySQL database has all the advantages of a relational database and is compatible with popular development languages. Therefore, it is a good choice for the system database. The system database uses the MySQL database, and the database name is db_cheliangsys. Below are the main data table structures.
The following table reflects the primary key of each table and the nature of each data in the table. In the following table, the MYSQL database bulletin board, student table, coach table, and other major tables have 10 primary keys. The primary key is the key in the database that identifies the attribute, and there is only one primary key in each table. The primary key serves as the link between tables to ensure the uniqueness of the data and prevent redundant data. Each database table can reflect any number of relational graphs and create different relationships to emphasize different aspects of the database's visual design. For any database, a common database diagram can be used.
Figure 5. Database diagram
4. System Detailed Design and Implementation
4.1. Build the Development Environment
Operating System: Windows 7/Windows 10
Software: MyEclipse10/MySQL
Server Software: Tomcat 6.0
Browser: IE/360/Firefox/Google
All the code will be provided in the attachment.
4.2. System Implementation
The vehicle management system is mainly composed of login and background functionalities. Different login objects are granted different operational authorities based on their respective backgrounds.
Figure 6. Login flowchart
The entered login and password are transferred to the backend database for authentication. If the users do not pass the verification, "login error, account or password is wrong" will be displayed on the browser. Upon successful verification, the Struts module will call the corresponding code to execute, simultaneously triggering a response to the incoming browser's JSP page. The main interface will be displayed to the users upon successful login. This is the working principle for the SSH framework's login functionality. After successful login, other operations follow a similar process to the login operation and will not be repeated here. All the code for this system will be provided in the attachment.
5. Summary
The vehicle management system meets the needs of vehicle managers for efficient vehicle management in the information age. It represents another successful combination of computer technology and practical problems. The vehicle management system alleviates people from complex, repetitive work and saves human resource costs. From this perspective, the vehicle management system is highly necessary. Due to time constraints, the system may not be perfect, but its basic functions have been fully realized.
6. References
[1]Xiaoxiang Zhang, Minghua Xu, Shu Cong, and Xinghua Shan. 2009. JAVA basic and case development. J. Tsinghua University Press, 2: 55-59.
[2]Kang Mu. 2009. JSP dynamic website development practical tutorial. J. Electronic Industry Press, 12: 57-59.
[3]Paul Deitel and Junshi Zhang. 2012. JavaScript programmer tutorial. J. Electronic Industry Press, 5: 11-19.
[4]Youguo Tang and Hongbo Zhan. 2008. JSP website development. J. Electronic Industry Press, 6: 20-22.
[5]Gang Li. 2014. Lightweight Java EE Enterprise Application Combat - Struts 2 + Spring + Hibernate integration development. J. Electronic Industry Press, 4: 31-39.
[6]Tiyun Huang. 2009. Management Information System. J. Higher Education Press, 4: 42-44.
车辆管理系统的设计与实现
摘要：随着计算机技术的兴起，人们期望计算机完成大量的工作。随着编程语言的日益成熟，这种愿望可以很容易地实现。目前，车辆数量的不断增长增加了管理者这种无形的车辆工作量。因此，开发车辆管理系统是必要的。系统采用SSH框架下的Java语言程序和MySQL数据库。
MySQL后端连接简单，易于使用，易于理解。使用车辆管理系统将减少管理人员的工作强度和繁琐的工作流程。该系统涉及车辆驾驶员和管理人员的一般操作。这个制度不是很完善，还有改进的空间。据信，它将在未来得到充分利用。
1.导言
随着国民经济的快速发展，计算机的应用非常广泛。各个领域的实际问题已经开始用计算机来解决。最新研究表明，中国已成为世界上汽车保有量最高的国家之一，导致车辆管理系统的发展问题。因此，开发车辆管理系统已成为车辆管理人员探索高效工作的首要任务。
在信息大数据的背景下，车辆管理系统可以提高车辆管理的效率和人工成本。该系统可以帮助管理者从大量数据中找到必要的信息。因此，车辆管理系统的开发顺应了时代潮流，是计算机技术在当前信息化大数据背景下的又一重要应用。
2.B/S结构介绍
B/S是Browser/Server的缩写。随着互联网技术的兴起，C/S结构发生了变化或改进。在这种结构中，用户界面是通过WWW浏览器实现的。部分事务逻辑在前端实现，但主要事务逻辑在服务器端实现，形成所谓的三层结构。B/S架构使用星形拓扑来构建企业的内部通信网络，或使用互联网虚拟专用网络（VPN）。只要客户端安装浏览器，如Firefox或Internet Explorer，服务器安装数据库，如Oracle、Sybase、Informix或SQL server，浏览器就可以通过Web服务器与数据库交互。
B/S结构的最大优点是用户可以在任何地方操作，而无需安装任何专用软件。只要有一台可以上网的电脑，客户端就无需维护。系统扩展非常容易；只要有互联网连接，系统管理员就可以分配用户名和密码，用户就可以开始使用系统。甚至可以在线申请；通过公司的内部安全认证（如CA证书），系统可以自动为用户分配帐户，而不需要人为干预。
2.1. MyEclipse简介
由于系统是跨平台的，开源开发是最好的选择。MyEclipse可以在开发过程中不受任何限制地轻松开发Java web程序。MyEclipse可以为相关的Java EE提供支持，并具有强大的功能来完成web项目开发。
2.2. JavaScript语言
JavaScript是一种动态类型的web脚本语言，内置了对类型的支持。使用JavaScript的网页具有动态功能，这在客户端得到了广泛的应用。JavaScript有自己的数据类型来处理不同的数据、文本和信息处理。JavaScript也是一种跨平台语言，正逐渐被用于编写服务器端程序。JavaScript因其安全性而备受青睐。
2.3. JSP技术
JSP，全称Java Server Pages，是一种类似于ASP技术的简化Servlet设计。结合实际流程，由于JSP是跨平台的，因此需要JSP技术来准备系统。Java Servlet是JSP的技术基础，广泛应用于大型项目和日常开发中。它是面向对象的，并连接到数据库。实现各种功能简单方便。
2.4. SSH框架
众所周知，在当前编程技术快速发展的情况下，单一的编程语言已经难以满足人们日益增长的需求。人们需要能够进行数据存储和操作的程序；因此，通常使用编程语言与数据库连接。但现在的情况是，所有的数据库都是关系数据库，人们通常使用面向对象的高级编程语言。如何使用面向对象的编程语言来操作关系数据库已经成为一个大问题！
幸运的是，在程序开发人员的不懈努力下，SSH框架终于诞生了，为我们后续的开发铺平了道路。SSH是指Struts+Hibernate+Spring的框架。
支柱：
Struts应用程序开发过程由请求-响应周期完成。也就是说，Struts中的配置文件从浏览器端请求调用相应的Action方法和相应的JSP页面，并向浏览器端提供反馈，以显示人们想要显示的结果。
图1 Struts框架工作流程
Hibernate：
Hibernate是ORM框架之一，ORM是对象/关系数据库映射的缩写。ORM是一种规范的实现，其主要作用是允许开发人员使用面向对象的编程语言对数据库进行操作。尽管一些开发人员认为在不久的将来，关系数据库将被面向对象的数据库所取代，但在当前的主流开发中，开发人员仍然使用ORM工具对数据库进行操作。
Spring：
Spring框架现在是JavaEE开发的重要手段之一。它是从实际的开发框架中提取出来的，并包含了许多常见的步骤。使用Spring框架可以简化繁琐的开发步骤，提高开发效率。
图2 Spring框架的7个模块
2.5. Tomcat
对于Server，开发人员主要使用Tomcat，因为它是使用最广泛的开源服务器。几乎所有开发人员在编程之初都会使用Tomcat，因此拥有广泛的用户群。其次，这个免费服务器非常适合在小程序中使用。同时，Tomcat非常易于维护，并且以低内存占用运行。这就是开发人员使用Tomcat作为程序服务器的原因。
3.需求分析
需求分析是指在解决问题之前进行的自我分析，以明确其要求。需求分析是一项艰巨的任务，只有进行明确的需求分析，才能进行下一步，更好地编写代码。据报道，目前的车辆管理仍然涉及旧的手工会计和纸质档案，耗时且容易出错。设计该系统的目的是使车辆管理透明、易于操作、易于管理。车辆管理的特点，如信息处理、广泛的数据管理和相关信息，可以解决查询和统计方法的问题，防止不必要的麻烦。为了实现我们在车辆管理系统中的目标，车辆管理员必须使用计算机开发来实现股息。实现车辆及时管理目的的有效途径是车辆管理人员使用该系统。
3.1. 系统用例图
车辆管理主要侧重于车辆的管理，包括添加、删除、更改和查询车辆。
图3 车辆模块用例图
3.2. 系统功能分析
管理员拥有处理所有车辆、管理员、驾驶员和车辆状态的最高权限。
图4 系统后台功能图
3.3. 数据库结构设计
MySQL数据库具有关系数据库的所有优点，并与流行的开发语言兼容。因此，它是系统数据库的一个不错的选择。系统数据库采用MySQL数据库，数据库名称为db_cheliangsys。以下是主要的数据表结构。
下表反映了每个表的主键和表中每个数据的性质。在下表中，MYSQL数据库公告板、学生表、教练表和其他主要表有10个主键。主键是数据库中标识属性的键，每个表中只有一个主键。主键充当表之间的链接，以确保数据的唯一性并防止冗余数据。每个数据库表都可以反映任意数量的关系图，并创建不同的关系，以强调数据库视觉设计的不同方面。对于任何数据库，都可以使用通用的数据库关系图。
图5 数据库图
4.系统详细设计与实现
4.1. 营造发展环境
操作系统：Windows 7/Windows 10
软件：MyEclipse10/MySQL
服务器软件：Tomcat 6.0
浏览器：IE/360/Firefox/Google
所有代码将在附件中提供。
4.2. 系统实施
车辆管理系统主要由登录和后台功能组成。不同的登录对象根据其各自的背景被授予不同的操作权限。
图6 登录流程图
输入的登录名和密码将传输到后端数据库进行身份验证。如果用户未通过验证，浏览器上将显示“登录错误，帐户或密码错误”。成功验证后，Struts模块将调用相应的代码执行，同时触发对传入浏览器JSP页面的响应。成功登录后，主界面将显示给用户。这是SSH框架登录功能的工作原理。成功登录后，其他操作将遵循与登录操作类似的过程，此处不再重复。该系统的所有代码将在附件中提供。
5.总结
车辆管理系统满足了信息时代车辆管理人员对高效车辆管理的需求。它代表了计算机技术和实际问题的另一个成功结合。车辆管理系统减轻了人们复杂、重复的工作，节省了人力资源成本。从这个角度来看，车辆管理系统是非常必要的。由于时间限制，该系统可能并不完美，但其基本功能已经得到充分实现。
6.参考文献
[1]Xiaoxiang Zhang, Minghua Xu, Shu Cong, and Xinghua Shan. 2009. JAVA basic and case development. J. Tsinghua University Press, 2: 55-59.
[2]Kang Mu. 2009. JSP dynamic website development practical tutorial. J. Electronic Industry Press, 12: 57-59.
[3]Paul Deitel and Junshi Zhang. 2012. JavaScript programmer tutorial. J. Electronic Industry Press, 5: 11-19.
[4]Youguo Tang and Hongbo Zhan. 2008. JSP website development. J. Electronic Industry Press, 6: 20-22.
[5]Gang Li. 2014. Lightweight Java EE Enterprise Application Combat - Struts 2 + Spring + Hibernate integration development. J. Electronic Industry Press, 4: 31-39.
[6]Tiyun Huang. 2009. Management Information System. J. Higher Education Press, 4: 42-44.
Creative Industry and Knowledge Economy (CIKE 2022). France: Atlantis Press, 2022(214): 177-182.
